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 ROLE OF INTERPRETATION
Sustainable park and recreation development will succeed to the degree
that it anticipates and manages human experiences. Interpretation provides
the best single tool for shaping experiences and sharing values. By providing
an awareness of the environment, values are taught that are necessary
for the protection of the environment. Sustainable design will seek to
affect not only immediate behaviors but also the long-term beliefs and
attitudes of the visitors.
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Interpretation is
an educational activity that reveals meanings and relationships
through the use of original objects, first-hand experiences, and
illustrative media. It is more than simply to communicate facts.
-- Freeman Tilden
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To achieve
a sustainable park or resource-related operation:
- Visitor experiences should be based
on intimate and sensory involvement with actual natural and cultural
resources. The local culture should be included. The experiences
should be environmentally and culturally compatible and should
encourage the protection of those resources.
- Educational opportunities should
include interpretation of the systems that sustain the development
as well as programs about natural and cultural resource values
of the setting.
- Site and facility design should
contribute to the understanding and interpretation of the local
natural and cultural environments.
- Interpretation should make the values
of sustainability apparent to visitors in all daily aspects of
operation, including services, retail operations, maintenance,
utilities, and waste handling. A good example should be set in
all facets of operation.
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Interpretation is
the communication path that connects visitors with the resources.
Good interpretation is a bridge leading people into new and fascinating
worlds. It brings new understanding, new insights, new enthusiasms,
and new interests.
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Sustainable design values
and sustainable design diagram  OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERPRETATION
A value-based visitor experience requires interpretation as an essential
part of the planning and design process. Interpretive values cannot be
successfully added to a development or operation as a last-minute enhancement.
The primary interpretive resources of a site
must be identified early in the planning process. There can be no substitute
for a scientific knowledge of the resources involved; however, interpretive
opportunities can usually be identified in the planning stages of a new
development by answering the following questions:
- What is special or unusual about the site?
(Consider both the natural and cultural aspects)
- What is particularly interesting, scenic,
or photogenic about the site?
- What do visitors come to see?
- What is fun to do? (Answers must be resource-oriented
and nonconsumptive)
- What can be done on the site that is both
environmentally sustainable and challenging?
- What resources provide particularly strong
opportunities to demonstrate the underlying value system of sustainable
development?
- What significant environmental controversies
might be illustrated using local resources?
- What experiences are currently fashionable?
- What knowledge do visitors already have
about the area?
- What knowledge and attitudes do neighboring
residents have about the site and its resources?
- What messages can be offered about sustainability
that visitors can use in their everyday lives?
In addition, interpretation must be reinforced
in all visitor experiences and inherent in management's thinking and in
the relationship of the proposed development to the larger cultural context.
The value system that interpretation communicates must pervade the entire
cycle of planning, design, construction, operations, and maintenance.
INTEGRATION OF INTERPRETATION
INTO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 
Visitor experiences must be based on actual knowledge of resources that
are environmentally sustainable and influence human values, thus protecting
the overall environment. Table 1 provides a list of general goals and
specific examples to facilitate the integration of interpretation into
sustainable development. Visitor Experiences
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Interpretive Goals
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Examples |
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Visitors must
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Visitors would benefit by |
- have the opportunity to see that
the local natural and cultural worlds are interrelated.
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- participating in organized cultural
activities and demonstrations that allow local residents to share
their values and skills with visitors.
- being served meals-that feature
local foods and products and by seeing heal food plants being
cultivated within the development.
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- learn that the resources that surround
them are important, interesting, and worthy of respect.
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- attending evening programs featuring
site-specific interpretive themes.
- having plants and other features
of the site identified by labels or in guidebooks.
- participating in organized work/study
programs that emphasize resources and sustainable design values.
- ensuring that the beauty of the
natural and cultural environments are preserved and revealed in
the development.
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- have the opportunity to interact
with the environment at every possible moment.
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- participating in guided activities
that focus on significant natural and cultural features found
onsite or nearby.
- participating in environmental education
programs that include members of the community and local schools.
- ensuring that the physical development
is designed to grasp every opportunity to bring the visitor in
close sensory contact with the environment.
- ensuring that preservation of the
environment takes precedence in all aspects of the development
and that this goal is made visible.
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- have opportunities for learning
through exhibits and literature as well as through guided activities.
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- participating in organized volunteer
activities that allow visitors to work on restoration or enhancement
of the environment after appropriate training.
- using the development's resource
library
- ensuring that exhibits are integrated
into site design to reveal unique aspects or solutions of the
development.
- providing sensory experiences using
interpretive messages whenever possible as part of the design.
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- share in the responsibilities of
caring for the natural and cultural environments.
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- taking part in active-programs that
are planned for preserving and restoring the environment.
- participating in routine operations
of the development, such as recycling, energy conservation, and
gardening.
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Facility Planning/Design/Construction
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Interpretive Goals
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Examples
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Sustainable design must
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Sustainable design would
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- include a professional understanding
of the natural and cultural resources involved and clearly state
that people must be subordinate to (or in harmony with) nature.
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- ensure that the site plan, design,
and construction preserve and emphasize key elements of the natural
and cultural environments.
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- give the development a special sense
of place based on the resources of the site.
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- feature architectural materials
that are native to the site or region and that are renewable and
environmentally sensitive.
- encourage opportunities for sensing,
experiencing, and/or understanding resources in the architecture
and site design.
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- provide education about the natural
and cultural environments and the support systems that sustain
the development while bringing visitors and resources together
whenever possible.
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- place interpretive exhibits within
the development, allowing visitors to be aware of immediate resource
protection concerns associated with the environment.
- provide information in visitor facilities
about the resource, using printed or electronic media as appropriate.
- provide access to the support systems
of the development through cutaway walls or other methods.
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- allow visitors to experience nature
in an intimate sensory fashion, providing opportunities for private
moments in natural settings.
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- limit outdoor night-lighting to
low wattage, directional lighting, with consideration of photovoltaic
power and control.
- provide passive, quiet areas where
visitors can reflect on the natural scene.
- assist interpretive programming
to set the stage for private moments in natural settings.
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- incorporate the living culture as
a significant part of the visitor experience and encourage opportunities
for visitors and local residents to interact and share their values
and experiences.
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- adaptively reuse existing buildings
when they reflect part of the story of the site.
- incorporate architectural traditions,
names, and images into facility design.
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Operations and Maintenance 
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Interpretive Goals
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Examples |
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The values of sustainable development
must be
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The values of sustainable development
are shown by
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- communicated by the manager who
serves as the chief interpreter of a sustainable development.
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- providing fall staff with regular
training regarding local natural and cultural features and resources.
- organizing work/study programs that
emphasize resources and sustainable design techniques.
- organizing volunteer activities
that allow visitors to work on restoration or enhancement of the
environment after appropriate training.
- developing volunteer programs that
allow visitors to operate site support systems.
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- understood and appreciated by the
entire staff, who should demonstrate understanding and respect
for the local environment and share their knowledge with visitors.
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- providing tours that present the
sustainability goals of a development as shown in the operation
and maintenance functions such as utility and support systems.
- providing visitors the opportunity
to understand the relationships of local water, wastewater, solid
waste, and electrical systems to local, regional and global environments.
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- shared with those who live in the
surrounding areas; the local culture should have a significant
role to play in the operation of the facility.
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- including representatives of the
local culture in significant staff positions.
- organizing cultural activities and
demonstrations that allow local residents to share their values
and skills with visitors.
- organizing environmental education
programs that include members of the local community and schools.
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- visible in all daily aspects of
operation, including energy use, food handling, waste handling,
maintenance activities, retail operations, and visitor services.
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- providing a central staffed location
for resource and activity information.
- serving meals that feature local
foods and products and by cultivating local foods within the development.
- recycling all possible waste.
- selling appropriate informational
materials and quality items crafted by local people.
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TABLE
OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Interpretation
Chapter 3: Natural
Resources
Chapter 4:CulturalResources
Chapter 5: Site Design
Chapter 6: Building
Design
Chapter 7: Energy Management
Chapter 8: Water Supply
Chapter 9: Waste
Prevention
Chapter 10: Facility
Maintenance and Operations
Bibliography 
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