Capitol Reef National Park - Historic Fruita Tour (U.S. National Park Service)

Few western national parks combine the splendor of nature with man's handiwork like Capitol Reef National Park. , the remnant of a 200-acre late frontier settlement, hugs the banks of the Fremont River and Sulphur Creek. Mormon pioneers recognized its potential for agriculture and planted in the 1880s. Although Fruita today represents only a small fraction of a large natural step-shrub preserve, this small valley, sheltered by soaring cliffs and domes, continues to enchant naturalist and historian alike. For visitors who can spend only a few hours, it is the portal for the , a century-old road that draws visitors further into Capitol Reef.

The story of Fruita reaffirms that the history of the land is never complete without the saga of man. Study the detail in turn-of-the-century buildings and orderly rows of trees, and observe the intertwined natural and cultural heritage of Fruita.

There is no trail to follow; historic features remain near several roads and footpaths. This page marks some of these special places.

STOP 1

South Fruita Vista

From the first hairpin turn of the Cohab Canyon Trail, the most compelling of Fruita's readily accessible vistas lies before you.

An old barn anchors your attention in the foreground; in the distance, the 800-foot high cliffs rise. To your left, in the mid-distance, lies Johnson Mesa - named for Fruita's first settler, Nels Johnson. Johnson built his pioneer cabin just across the river and acquired title to most of the arable land in this valley.

The meandering, black boulder fences you see on the slope of Johnson Mesa were built by Calvin Pendleton, a farmer who moved to the valley in the late 1800s. Pendleton, a polygamist, grew fruit and prepared lime for construction purposes in a small kiln near the campground. Subsequent owners of the farmstead were Jorgen Jorgenson and G. Dewey Gifford. Gifford, the last resident of Fruita, lived here for 41 years, leaving 1968.

At the foot of rocky Johnson Mesa flows the Fremont River, key to life and agriculture in Fruita. Only a large stream by eastern standards, the Fremont River supplies water to thousands of historic trees.

A gravity-feed irrigation system flood-irrigates the park's historic orchards. Upstream to your left, a settling pond allows the often-muddy water to clear. From there, gravity moves water through a complicated network of pipes and ditches. The irrigation system remains essentially the same as that of a century ago.

Originating on the Fishlake Plateau to the west, the normally tame Fremont River can rise to floodstage with little warning if heavy rainfall over mountains to the west and the itself should occur. In the last half century or so, serious flooding of the Fremont has occurred in 1937, 1945, 1985 and 2006.

The pre-World War I house just south of the river was a family residence for more than half a century. Its frame and stucco construction was popular here. The home, known today as the , is open to the public daily during the summer season.

The Cohab Canyon Trail takes you high into the cliffs overlooking Fruita. Tradition records that Mormon polygamists found refuge in these cliffs during the Federal government's active enforcement of the anti-polygamy statutes in the 1880s.

STOP 2

Fruita One-Room Schoolhouse

This structure was built in 1896 by Fruita settlers. Elijah Cutler Behunin, Amasa Pierce, and Leo Holt cooperated in its construction. Refurnished and appearing much as it did about 1936, the schoolhouse saw its last class in 1941. A decline in the number of school-age children of this still remote settlement resulted in the closing of the Fruita school, after which the remaining students were bussed over dirt roads to consolidated schools in western Wayne County. The Historic Fruita Schoolhouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

STOP 3

Tool Shed and Blacksmith Shop

Blacksmith Shop with a hay rake in foreground

Built about 1925, this structure's interior changed frequently over the years. Merin Smith wed the daughter of M. Valentine Oyler, a long-term Fruita farmer whose orchard and grape arbors covered much of the northeastern bank of the Fremont here in the 1920s. Merin Smith purchased the first tractor in Fruita. Called a "Power Horse", this transitional machine spanned the periods of horse-drawn and gas engine farm implements.

STOP 4

Johnson Orchard

This orchard is located on the site Nels Johnson's original homesteading claim. The trees replanted here are antique varieties popular before World War I. The orchard has been planted with many different types of fruit and nut trees, and several varieties of each, as early pioneers would have done.

STOP 5

Fruita Mailbox Tree

These two enormous Fremont Cottonwood trees are more than a century old. The tree nearest the road served as a sturdy living "post" for residents' mailboxes. The mailcarrier made his difficult journey to Hanksville over the Blue Dugway, unpaved until 1962. Across the way, stood the first permanent structure in Fruita, built by Nels Johnson. Now the site is a picnicking area.

STOP 6

Sorghum Processing Site

Equipment used to extract the juices of sorghum cane and reduce it to a pungent molasses is sometimes used in Pioneer Craft demonstrations. Lacking access to sugar, sorghum syrup was a widely used sweetener on the south Utah frontier. A horse was hitched to a pole that moved heavy metal rollers inside the press as the cane was fed, a half-dozen stalks at a time, through the rollers. The cane juice, squeezed out of the plant in a press, was collected, filtered, and poured into a wood and copper boiler on the long fireplace. Gradually, water was evaporated from the boiling juice, while tenders skimmed off impurities that rose to the top. Usually a "run" took all day, required many hands, and produced several gallons of thick syrup. The small wooden building is a smokehouse for flavoring and further curing salted hams.

STOP 7

The Signs

Sign. Signs are used throughout the park to guide visitors

Many of the orchards, fields, and pastures in the Fruita Historic District are signed with family names. Land changed hands frequently here from 1880 until the early 1960s when the National Park Service began acquiring private property in Fruita. The many names represent more than 75 years of private ownership; it is important to remember that only from eight to ten families lived here at any given time, even during Fruita's World War I period heyday.

To learn more about Fruita's historic landscape and the people who lived here, consider purchasing a copy of the booklet Red Rock Eden, available from the CRNHA.