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1941  December 7 - Japan attacks the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor. The United States enters World War ll. Around one million African Americans serve in the armed services by 1945.

1942  Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is founded. It aims to fight discrimination and racism through sit-ins and other nonviolent direct action.

1942  Manzanar, first of ten relocation centers, is established for the internment of Japanese Americans.

1946  Morgan v. Virginia. U.S. Supreme Court rules that segregated seating of interstate passengers is unconstitutional.

1946  President Harry S. Truman appoints African Americans to the Presidential Committee for Civil Rights.

1947  CORE stages the first Freedom Ride, called the "Journey of Reconciliation."

1948  President Harry S. Truman issues an executive order banning segregation in the armed forces.