Upper Cliff Dwelling

Nestled in a cave overlooking Tonto Basin is the 40-room Upper Cliff Dwelling. Many theories have been presented as to why people began building here. Protection from the elements is certainly a possibility. The cave is dry even during the worst weather, receives the full benefit of the morning sun in winter, and cooling shade in summer. Other theories are that the people were afraid of their neighbors, or perhaps they were glad to get away from crowded conditions on the valley floor.

Construction of the Upper and Lower Cliff Dwellings began about AD 1300 and continued until the basin was abandoned between AD 1400 - 1450. The greater size of the upper cave (70' wide x 80' high x 60' deep) allowed for a large work area which contains a cistern, capable of holding approximately 100 gallons of water. To view a floorplan of the Upper Cliff Dwelling, click on the link.

Small doorways helped retain heat, and were often sealed when the room was no longer being used. Some doorways are shaped like a "T" or half-"T". This may have reduced drafts, or perhaps it was meant to hold jars or help someone balance while entering the room. It is still possible to see fingerprints of the ancient people who built these remarkable structures.

One of the last rooms completed in the Upper Cliff Dwelling has reeds in the ceiling instead of the saguaro ribs and other materials used in older construction. Was this simply an attempt to try something new, or is it evidence of over-utilization of resources? It is important to preserve these remainders of the past, even though we may never know the full story of the people who called this place home.

Recommendations from our bookstore:
Tonto National Monument by Kay Threlkeld
Salado by Rose Houk
Indians of the American Southwest by Steven L. Walker