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INTRODUCTION 13
DESCRIPTION OF THE LAKESHORE 14
PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PLAN 17
Goals of the Plan 17
Constraints 18
Preservation Tools 20
CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CONCEPT 22
IDENTIFIED CULTURAL LANDSCAPES AND STRUCTURES 24
HISTORIC PROPERTIES CURRENTLY BEING PRESERVED 24
INTRODUCTION 29
RANGE OF ALTERNATIVES 29
ACTIONS ELIMINATED FROM FURTHER STUDY 30
ACTIONS COMMON TO ALL ALTERNATIVES 32
ACTIONS COMMON TO ALTERNATIVE II AND THE PROPOSED ACTION (ALTERNATIVE
III) 34
The Priority-Setting Process 34
Removal Criteria 35
The Proposal Evaluation Process ("Sieve") 35
ALTERNATIVE I (NO ACTION/CONTINUE CURRENT MANAGEMENT) 39
ALTERNATIVE II (PRESERVATION OF STRUCTURES AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES)
41
ALTERNATIVE III (THE PROPOSED ACTION) 42
RESOURCES DISMISSED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERATION 49
Wild and Scenic Rivers 49
Energy Requirements and Conservation Potential 49
Submerged Cultural Resources 49
Environmental Justice Policy 49
Sacred Sites 49
Indian Trust Resources 49
SPECIAL DESIGNATIONS 50
1979 General Management Plan Zones 50
Recommended Wilderness 50
Managed Open Fields 51
NATURAL RESOURCES 51
Air Quality 51
Vegetation 51
Threatened and Endangered Vegetation 53
Wildlife 53
Threatened and Endangered Wildlife 55
Water Resources 55
Geology 56
Soils 57
CULTURAL RESOURCES 58
Archeological Overview 58
Ethnographic Overview 59
Historical Overview 60
VISITOR SERVICES 63
Platte/Manitou District 63
Leelanau District 64
Lakeshore Visitor Center and Headquarters 64
VISITOR USE 65
CONCESSION/COMMERCIAL SERVICES 67
SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 68
PARK OPERATIONS 69
Organization and Program Areas 69
INTRODUCTION 73
IMPACT CATEGORIES DISMISSED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERATION 73
IMPACT CATEGORIES COMMON TO THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALL OTHER
ALTERNATIVES 74
Air Quality 74
Threatened and Endangered Vegetation 74
Threatened and Endangered Wildlife 74
Floodplains and Wetlands 74
Visitor Safety 74
Managed Open Fields 74
Historic Structures in Poor Condition 75
IMPACTS ON NATURAL RESOURCES 77
Recommended Wilderness 77
Native Vegetation 77
Water Resources 77
Wildlife 77
Geology and Soils 77
IMPACTS ON CULTURAL RESOURCES 78
Archeological Resources 78
Historic Structures 78
Cultural Landscapes 78
IMPACTS ON VISITOR USE AND VISITOR EXPERIENCE 78
IMPACTS ON THE SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 79
IMPACTS ON PARK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT 79
IMPACTS ON NPS COSTS 79
IMPACTS ON PARTNERS' PARTICIPATION 79
IMPACTS ON PARTNERS' COSTS 79
CUMULATIVE IMPACTS 79
RELATIONSHIP OF SHORT-TERM USES AND LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY 80
UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS 80
IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF
RESOURCES 80
IMPACTS ON NATURAL RESOURCES 81
Recommended Wilderness 81
Native Vegetation 81
Water Resources 81
Wildlife 81
Geology and Soils 81
IMPACTS ON CULTURAL RESOURCES 82
Archeological Resources 82
Historic Structures 82
Cultural Landscapes 82
IMPACTS ON VISITOR USE AND VISITOR EXPERIENCE 82
IMPACTS ON THE SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 82
IMPACTS ON PARK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT 83
IMPACTS ON NPS COSTS 83
IMPACTS ON PARTNERS' PARTICIPATION 83
IMPACTS ON PARTNERS' COSTS 83
CUMULATIVE IMPACTS 83
RELATIONSHIP OF SHORT-TERM USES AND LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY 84
UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS 84
IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF
RESOURCES 84
IMPACTS ON NATURAL RESOURCES 85
Recommended Wilderness 85
Native Vegetation 85
Water Resources 85
Wildlife 85
Geology and Soils 86
IMPACTS ON CULTURAL RESOURCES 86
Archeological Resources 86
Historic Structures 86
Cultural Landscapes 86
IMPACTS ON VISITOR USE AND VISITOR EXPERIENCE 87
IMPACTS ON THE SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 87
IMPACTS ON PARK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT 87
IMPACTS ON NPS COSTS 87
IMPACTS ON PARTNERS' PARTICIPATION 88
IMPACTS ON PARTNERS' COSTS 88
CUMULATIVE IMPACTS 88
RELATIONSHIP OF SHORT-TERM USES AND LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY 88
UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS 89
IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF
RESOURCES 89
BIBLIOGRAPHY 101
GLOSSARY 104
1 - Priority Listing
2 - Removal Criteria
3 - Cultural Landscape
Packages
4 - Structure/Structure
Complex Packages
5 - Color Maps
-Cultural Landscapes
-1979 General Management Plan Zones
-Recommended Wilderness
-Managed Open Fields
-Prime and Unique Farmlands
- Boekeloo Cultural Landscape
- Bufka/Kropp/Eitzen Cultural Landscape
- Ken-Tuck-U-Inn Cultural Landscape
- North Manitou Island Village Cultural Landscape
- Port Oneida Cultural Landscape
- Tweedle-Treat Cultural Landscape
Lakeshore Map 15
Lakeshore Location Map 16
Structure Utilization Pie Chart 27
Proposal Evaluation Process (Sieve) Figure 37
Summary Table - Key Differences Among the Alternatives 45
Summary Table - Impacts 46
Table - Annual Visitors to Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore
66
Table - Recreation Visitors to Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore
by Month 66
Table - Michigan and Selected County Unemployment and Poverty
Percentages 68
Table - Occurrence of Major Issues of Concern by Cultural landscape
71
Table - Structures: Boekeloo (Landscape Package - Appendix 3)
Table - Structures: Bufka/Kropp/Eitzen (Landscape Package - Appendix
3)
Table - Structures: Ken-Tuck-U-Inn (Landscape Package - Appendix
3)
Tables - Structures: North Manitou Island Village (Landscape Package
- Appendix 3)
Tables - Structures: Port Oneida (Landscape Package - Appendix
3)
Tables - Structures: Tweedle-Treat (Landscape Package - Appendix
3)
Table - Mainland and South Manitou Island Structures Without Landscapes
(Landscape Package - Appendix 4)
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Last Updated: 07DEC1999
Http://www.nps.gov/slbe/hp_cont.htm
Author: T.M.Baker