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 Battery
Pensacola
Located
in the center of Fort Pickens, the position of the battery illustrates
the evolution of coastal defenses from brick and stone fortifications
to the modern reinforced concrete installations. Begun in 1898, Battery
Pensacola mounted two 12-inch rifles on disappearing carriages capable
of firing 1,070 lb. shells approximately 8 miles.
 Battery
#234
The sweeping German victories in the spring of 1940 sent shockwaves through
the American military, prompting the building of more coast defense batteries.
Japanese victories in 1941 and 1942 only increased this concern. Yet by
1943 when this battery was completed, the tide of war had swung against
the Axis forces and the battery was never activated. In 1976 the Smithsonian
Institute provided the National Park Service with several rare artillery
pieces, three of which are now mounted at Battery 234 and Battery Cooper.
 Battery
Cooper
Completed in 1906, Battery Cooper mounted two 6-inch guns on disappearing
carriages. During World War I, the guns were removed for use on railway
mounts in France. In 1937, four emplacements for 155mm guns were constructed
around Battery Cooper and designated Battery GPF, remaining part of the
Harbor Defense Project until the spring of 1945 when it was disarmed.
 Battery
Trueman
Positioned on the western end of Santa Rosa Island, north of the harbor
entrance the battery was built in 1905. The two 3-inch guns at Battery
Trueman were relocated to Battery Cullum in 1943.
 Battery
Worth
Completed in 1899, Battery Worth housed eight 12-inch mortars in two gun
pits. Although the battery lost half its armament in 1918 in accordance
with the War Department policy to reduce weaponry mounted in the nation's
older emplacements, the other four mortars remained active until 1942.
The battery became essential for Army-Navy defense activities in the 1940s
by housing the Fire Control Switchboard Room, Harbor Entrance Control
Post and the Harbor Defense Command Post.
 Battery
Langdon
Constructed in 1917, the battery was completed in 1923 and mounted two
12-inch guns, en barbette. The battery is named in honor of Loomis L.
Langdon, a man who was stationed at Fort Pickens on three occasions. In
1861 Langdon commanded a battery of 10-inch seacoast mortars at Fort Pickens,
in 1874 he served as an artillery captain at the fort, and in 1885 he
returned as a lieutenant colonel in charge of the 2nd U.S. Artillery.
Langdon was in command when Geronimo was held in the fort.
 Battery
Payne
Constructed in 1904, the design and mission of this battery was identical
to Battery Trueman.
 Battery
Van Swearingen
Two 4.7-inch guns were mounted on pedestal carriages and turned over to
the artillery on June 29, 1898.
 Batteries
Cullum and Sevier
Although these structures appear to be one large complex, they are two
separate structures; Battery Cullum and Battery Sevier, completed by 1898,
housed four 10- inch rifles on disappearing carriages.
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