Ayers, Edward L., The Promise of the New South. Oxford University Press, NY, 1992.

Denton, Virginia Lantz, Booker T. Washington and the Adult Education Movement. University Press of Florida, 1993.

Du Bois, W.E.B., The Souls of Black Folk. Penguin Books, NY, 1989.

Franklin, John Hope and Meier, August (ed.), Black Leaders of the Twentieth Century. University of Illinois Press, Chicago, 1982.

Harlan, Louis R., The Making of a Black Leader, 1856-1901. Oxford University Press, NY, 1972.

Harlan, Louis R., Booker T. Washington, the Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901-1915. Oxford University Press, 1983.

King, Wilma, Stolen Childhood: Slave Youth in Nineteenth-Century America. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1995.

Lewis, David Levering, W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868-1919. Henry Holt and Company, NY, 1993.

Lewis, David Levering (ed.), W.E.B. Du Bois, a Reader. Henry Holt and Company, NY, 1995.

Loewen, James W., Lies My Teacher Told Me. Simon and Schuster, NY, 1996.

Mackintosh, Barry, Booker T. Washington, An Appreciation of the Man and his Times. National Park Service, 1972.

Paschal, Andrew (ed.), W.E.B. Du Bois a Reader. Macmillan Publishing Co., NY, 1971.

Washington, Booker T., Up From Slavery. Penguin Books, NY, 1986.