lesson plans

• Tonto National Monument: Saving a National Treasure, from the NPS Teaching with Historic Places Program
• A new lesson plan about Tonto NM, one of the first national monuments, educates youth about how the passage of the Antiquities Act preserved important cultural sites, such as those at Tonto that represent the Salado culture prior to European contact.
• The President and the Power to Conserve the American Frontier: The Antiquities Act 1906, from the White House Historical Association.
• In this lesson plan, students learn about the significance of the Act in the conservation of American open spaces, the role of the President in conserving natural resources in the 20th century, and the pros and cons of granting discretionary authority to the President to create national monuments.
• Fragile Antiquities (pdf), from the Museum of Northern Arizona.
• The lesson plan complements the exhibit Fragile Antiquities on view at the Museum through September 2006. Students consider questions about the impetus for the Antiquities Act and its relationship to the preservation of materials from ancient cultures.

readings

• The Antiquities Act of 1906. Ronald F. Lee, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. Originally published 1970, electronic edition, 2000.
• Edgar Lee Hewett and the Political Process. Raymond Harris Thompson, Journal of the Southwest 42(2):271–318. Originally published 2000, electronic edition, 2005.
• The Antiquities Act—Setting Basic Preservation Policies. Francis P. McManamon, CRM 19(7):18-23, 1996. (pdf)
• America’s National Monuments. Hal Rothman, Originally published 1989, electronic edition, 2005.
• Focus on ... Antiquities (pdf), a special issue of Refuge Update, May/June 2006. (See page 10.)
• In the Beginning, Preservation Online: The Back Page, May/June 2006. Dwight Young.
• The Antiquities Act 1906-2006, a themed issue of Ranger: The Journal of the Association of National Park Rangers 22:3, Summer 2006. Copies may be ordered for $5 apiece.
• The Antiquities Act: A Century of American Archaeology, Historic Preservation, and Nature Conservation. Edited by David Harmon, Francis P. McManamon, and Dwight Pitcaithley, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 2006.

useful lists of national monuments

• Frequently Asked Questions (doc): lists of national monuments designated by Congress, name and designation changes, abolished sites, and the acreages presidents proclaimed into national monuments.
• NPS History Program National Monuments
• BLM National Monuments
• List of National Monuments established between 1906 and 1969, Ronald Lee
• See Mark Squillace's table of national monuments in "The Monumental Legacy of the Antiquities Act," Georgia Law Review 37(2): 473-610, 2003.