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ParkWise
> Teachers >
Nature > To
Hatch or Not to Hatch
To
Hatch or Not to Hatch?
Instructional Resources
Research
Data and Key Resources:
Golden
Eagles in Denali
Golden
Eagle Fact Sheet 2000. Carol McIntyre (available in PDF)
Denali
Ecosystem - Who eats what? (355K pdf)
Denali hare and ptarmigan
abundance data, pdf
or Excel97,
Carol McIntyre
- Denali golden eagle reproduction data 1988 - 2000, Carol McIntyre
- Summary
data, tabular (pdf)
- Summary
data, graphed (pdf)
- Raw
data (pdf)
- Raw
and summary data in Excel97
- Reproduction
Data Worksheet for Denali Golden Eagles
Denali
National Park and Preserve homepage
Blank
maps of the United States
Definitions:
Nesting pair:
a pair of golden eagles that are incubating eggs.
Territorial pair:
a pair of golden eagles that are occupying a nesting territory,
but have not laid eggs that year.
Successful pair:
a nesting pair of golden eagles that has fledglings.
Nesting Territory:
an area containing one or more nests that belonged to one pair of
eagles in a year. An eagle pair may have several nests in their
territory and use different nests in different years.
Occupied Territory:
a nesting territory that has a nesting pair of golden eagles in
one of the nests.
Nestlings: eagle
chicks that are less than 51 days old.
Fledglings: eagle
chicks that are 51 or more days old. We assume that almost every
chick that lives to 51 days fledges.
Occupancy
rate - how many of the nests are being used by a territorial
pair of eagles. This is calculated by dividing the number of occupied
nesting areas (those with territorial pairs) by the number of nesting
areas that were observed during the April survey.
Laying
rate - how many pairs of eagles are breeding (as seen by nesting
behavior) - by dividing the number of nesting pairs of eagles by
the number of territorial pairs of eagles.
Success
rate - how many of the nesting pairs have fledglings. The success
rate is calculated by dividing the number of successful pairs of
eagles (eagles that have fledglings) by the number of nesting pairs.
Mean
brood size - is the average number of fledglings per successful
pair calculated by dividing the total number of fledglings by the
number of successful pairs.
Productivity
- the rate of production of golden eagles (fledglings) by the population
of golden eagles in Denali. Productivity is calculated by dividing
the number of fledglings by the number of territorial pairs. The
following table shows an example of the type of data collected by
Denali's scientists each year.
Clutch Size: the
number of eggs laid by a nesting pair
Brood Size: the
number of nestlings produced by a nesting pair
Web
Pages:
Alaska
Bird Observatory (http://www.alaskabird.org)
Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, natural history information (http://www.state.ak.us/local/akpages/FISH.GAME/notebook/notehome.htm)
"Ask
an expert" - Science mentors to which students can address
questions (http://k12science.stevens-tech.edu/curriculum/aska/science.html)
Bird
Migration Ecology, University of Lund, Sweden. (http://orn-lab.ekol.lu.se/birdmigration)
Birdnet
(http://www.nmnh.si.edu/BIRDNET/index.html)
Birds
of Denali (http://www.nps.gov/dena/home/resources/wildlife/birdweb/
index/homebirdpage.htm) Denali National Park and Preserve page
includes species, habitat, and research.
Breeding
Bird Survey Homepage (http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/)
Christmas
Bird Count (http://birdsource.cornell.edu/cbc/)
Cornell
Laboratory of Ornithology, Bird of the Week: (http://www.ornith.cornell.edu/BOW/)
Glossary
of Avian Terms (http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/avian/avian.htm)
Introduction
to the Aves, Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley
(http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/birds/birdintro.html)
Journey
North (http://www.learner.org/jnorth)
National
Audubon Society (http://www.audubon.org/)
National
Audubon Watchlist, Conservation of Birds (http://www.audubon.org/bird/watch)
Natural
history information on forest and rangeland birds (http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/1998/forest/history.htm#aegit)
Office
of Migratory Bird Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service (http://migratorybirds.fws.gov)
Wake
Forest Albatross project (http://www.wfu.edu/albatross/activity.htm)
Wild
Wings - tracking snow geese on the net (http://north.audubon.org/how.html)
Wildlife
Notebook Series, Alaska Department of Fish and Game (http://www.state.ak.us/local/akpages/FISH.GAME/notebook/notehome.htm)
Books:
Alerstan, T. 1993. Bird
Migration. Cambridge University Press. 420 pp.
Anderson, C. Alaska's
Magnificent Eagles. 1997. Alaska Geographic.
Archer, P. 1995. How
Birds Migrate. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg PA.
Berthold, P. 1993. Bird
Migration, a general survey. Oxford University Press. 239 pp.
Cooper, A.C. 1992. Eagles,
Hunters of the Sky, A Story and Activities. Denver Museum of
Natural History. Robts. Rinehart Publishers. Niwat, CO.
Donnelly E. and J. Wiley.
1996. Journey North: A distance learning adventure. CPB Math and
Science Collection. Washington D.C.
Kerlinger, P. 1989. Flight
Strategies of Migrating Hawks. University of Chicago Press. 375
pp.
Kerlinger, P. 1995. How
Birds Migrate. Stackpole Books. 228 pp.
Uspenskii, S.M. 1984.
Life at High Latitudes, a study of bird life. U.S. Deptartment of
Interior and the National Science Foundation. Amerind Printing.
385 pp.
Weidensaul, S. 1999.
Living on the Wind - Across the hemisphere with migratory birds.
North Point Press.
Videos:
Life of Birds.1999. David
Attenborough. BBC Video, Worldwide America.
Eagles, Masters of the
Skies. 1998. John Downer. PBS Home Video.
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